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WATER CRISIS EFFECT IN PAKISTAN
“Thousands have lived with out love, not one with out water”
W.H Auden
Water is one of sedimentary indicator of life on earth, it cover three percent area of our planet in the farm of ocean, river, glacier …. Etc it is finate resource of energy recycling, Food security and eco friendly environment in other words it is driving force of all nature, as pacific Institute of America states, water will be “Bone of contention” actuate shortage of water would leads to contamination, climate change and Environmental terrorism. Almighty describe in Holy Quran, “Do you not see that Allah sends down saint from the sky and make it flow as springs (and river) in the earth, then he produce there by crop of varing olour, then they dry and you see them turned yellow, than he makes them (Scatted) debris indeed in that is a remainder for those under standing”.
History revealed a wide rang of conflict appear through out world an water include territorial resources and stertegic advantage. South Chaina sea and philpine over spartly Island, USA and Canada, Pakistan and chaina and India.
The world Bank explain 7 million people across world unable to access potable water, which is include in (Human Development Index) HDI, According to Brisco and Qamar (2006),
“Pakistan is leading towards water score country (It has been predicted that percapita income availability will be come less than 100m3/y by 2035)”.
Pakistan was water received country, but due to passage of time it become water stressed country as given data shown.
|
S.#
|
Year
|
Percapita water availability (M)3
|
|
1.
|
1951
|
5260
|
|
2.
|
1971
|
2751
|
|
3.
|
1991
|
1565
|
|
4.
|
2010
|
1066
|
|
5.
|
2020
|
915
|
|
6.
|
2025
|
858
|
As Pakistan with it 200 million inhabitants is experiencing rapid urbanization and industrial development, its population is Facing a water challenges currently, it is the world 26th most water stressed country, where 35 percent of the population lack access to save water.
As above describe by 2025, the population is expected to cross 250 million, reducing Pakistan’s percapita annual availability of water to 660 Cubic meter.
As according to Indus water basin facility 19 Sep 1960, Pakistan has three was ken rivers, Indus, Jehlum and Channab, with area of 14.3 Million water encompasses Indus river is main trilanty, this system include large reservoir Tarbela, Chasma and Mangla, 23 barrages 12 Interlink river and largest modern irrigated system with cannals as deparlur, pak pattan, Bhawal, Punjab Canals.
Due to this Pakistan is an agrarian country supplied agriculture product as ceria, Cotton, Sugarcane … etc which increase export level of country it direct relate to trade and commerce department, Pakistan’s Agriculture industries as silvi culture, pomy culture, arboriculture as textile depend upon availability of ground water.
In Pakistan consumption paten of water in domestic industrial, and agriculture sector as shown in given table.
USES OF WATER
|
SECTOR
|
PERCENTAGE
|
|
Agriculture
|
69%
|
|
Industry
|
23%
|
|
Domestic Uses
|
8%
|
So, emerging issue is not related to water consumption but an management and conservation of available water resources.
Pakistan is one of world most arid country with an average rainfall 240mm a year water that come through river basin originate from rainfall, snowfall melting of glaciers,, The glaciated area Karakaram of Pakistan is 13,000 Squar Kilometer with 5000 glacier in the Indus Catchments the annual average melt glacier is 40MAF which flow from Indus Basin global warming changing he Equalibrium as according to world Bank study the Eastern Himaliyan glacier may retreat for the next fifty year, after word river may decrease by 40-50 percent in high melting days foods may come in extreme summer days brought may become norm.
As population size increase across globe resources become scare in term of per capita, as same in water resource that are static in nature only conserve and manage as Table shown water Management woes.
|
Country
|
Water capacity
|
Percent
|
|
Pakistan
|
14.06 MAF
|
10%
|
|
World
|
20,000MAF
|
40%
|
|
Egypt Nile
|
132…
|
347%
|
|
India
|
|
33%
|
So as above Pakistan is performing poorly in water management as it is ostrich approach continue water crisis in coming day worsen.
According to a study conducted by International water logging and salinity research institute at present ground water table in Pakistan fast deputing.
On average 15-66 Centimeter are deplaning in Punjab as well as Few district of Khyber Pakhtoon Khua. The report further warm situation in Balochistan and in Sindh especially Karachi.
In 2015 dough conditions became visible along the broken Hub dam closer to sind and Balochistan boarder due to which karachi water and sewerage Board informed (KWSB) supplied of water it lowest position 276 feet it is third largest reservoir in Pakistan and also a Ramsar side and a wild life sanctuary.
The excessive use of tube wells, Karez. Old Hood irrigation system and a selection of water intensive crop are some prominent example of the huge waste of water it is due to absence of proper definition of water rights. The low price of water selection of not only inefficient irrigation methods but also excess cultivation of crop with high water requirement.
In Pakistan 1-2 billion per MAF by virtue of it at the lowest level a potential of 20 billion (7% of GDP) every year as for typical rice the cost of irrigation was 45 percent total cost in 1926, while today is less than one percent. This explains former has no in contrive to use water efficiently moreover we need to use water more it can be through well defined water property rights. Water crisis can be mother of dispute at regional or internally it contamination cause ill human health.
Poor renetation or lack of water lower rank in HDI Tragic Pakistan’s profile across globe here is some recommendation.
i.e 1. Proper Management of water it micro and macro lavel.
2. Frame works to align incentive structure and through well defined water property rights.
3. Farmer use drip or sprinkle irrigation instead flood irrigation system.
4. Every one should access to clean water as in Thar, Badin, Hyderabad and Karachi… etc elite class brought nestle, Aquafina bottle at high margin, These companies took ground water from sheikpura due to which water table fall so state should define ground water right as (Mineral Oil).
5. Prevent domestic water if water consumption over critical level there would be charge a penal to excess use of water.
6. Charges on supply and wastage, for instance in Scotland fixed charges for both supplier and disposal of wastage Housing societies encourage to have reverse osmosis which are common in developed world.
7. Destination plants, Karachi along high tanker mafia is prevailing so there focus an desalination plant.
8. Building reservoir in past 40 year no meaning full storage has been installed, so there is dire need macro or micro reservoirs, dam , canal… etc.
“at present, Pakistan leading toward water scarcest country due to lack of dams and reservoirs, it would be root cause of other social, ethical and economical evils in other words acute shortage of water deprive nation to Freedom”.
Ø Name : MIDHAT
Ø Father Name : HUMAYOON
Ø Class : M.A (Previous)
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